The days of puppy dog tails and sugar and spice may be fading, but being born a girl or boy still carries certain expectations. And while what's expected from both genders has become more flexible over the years, we can still see the 'rules' revealed in what's deemed newsworthy, like Alicia Keys not wearing makeup or Jaden Smith wearing a skirt.
Beyond appearance, however, people can have the sense that the deeper assumptions about gender just don't fit them. This doesn't always mean not identifying with your sex and wanting to change it, as is true for many who identify as transgender. Instead, it's more about wanting gender to be more fluid and less rigid, so that there's some middle ground between maleness and femaleness.
Actors like Miley Cyrus and Ruby Rose identify as gender-fluid and define it as being 'somewhere in the middle,' though it isn't all about appearance and doesn't necessarily define sexuality. More and more young people are embracing this idea and identifying as fluid, and there are a handful of apps and games to reflect their experiences. Check out the titles below to find characters who are either gender-fluid or who generally challenge gender norms.
Thankfully, you can simply use the number one app to run Apple IOS apps on Android using IOS emulator so no harm no foul. Here's how you can get CIDER installed and ready to roll: After it is installed, simply go to the App drawer and launch it. That's it, now you can easily run iOS apps and games on Android.
Chrono Trigger, 11+
Considering this role-playing game was originally released in the '90s, its inclusive spirit is pretty progressive. It's a classic RPG (role-playing game) with battles and spells, but what sets it apart is Flea, one of the playable characters. Flea is described with male pronouns but wears a skirt and seems to have breasts, which makes his (or her?) gender undefined.
Final Fantasy IX, 12+
Just one in the long-running series, this app is all about crafting, exploration, and combat. It also features Quina Quen, who is from a tribe of creatures called the Qu. Her/his pronoun depends on the language in which the game is played, and his/her appearance doesn't indicate a gender.
The Sims 4, 12+
As in all the other Sims games, players get to choose almost every aspect of their characters and control their every move. Unlike previous releases, this installment lets users blend gender traits so characters are more fluid. For example, users can choose 'female' as a gender and then use a 'masculine' body type and select from a wide range of clothing options.
Kitty Powers' Matchmaker, 13+
This game's namesake, Kitty Powers, is a real-life British drag queen. Although unrelated to gender, Matchmaker is inclusive to all sexualities, includes some ambiguously gendered characters, and uses the pronoun 'they' in some cases in place of 'he' or 'she.'
LongStory, 14+
Game Pigeon App Common Sense Media Player
This app was designed from the ground up with gender fluidity in mind. Both of its avatar options are somewhat androgynous, and players can choose a neutral pronoun. Without giving anything away, a key theme of the game is openness to all gender and sexual identities.
Street Fighter X Tekken, 14+
This game is all about fighting, including with an ambiguously gendered character named Poison. While Poison has female attributes, there are clues that suggest she may be transgender or transsexual, though the game leaves it for players to decide.
Tekken Tag Tournament 2, 14+
This fighting game features a gender-fluid character named Leo (whose birth name is Eleonor). While Tekken Tag Tournament 2 refers to Leo as a she, her unisex clothing and hair and use of 'male' weapons adds to her mystique.
Dragon Age Inquisition, 18+
This game's inclusion of a transgender character isn't what makes it mature (that's the graphic violence and sex). Born a girl, Krem now lives as a man, and his story emerges through dialogue with other characters. Dragon Age's developers consulted experts on gender issues to create a positive, accurate representation.
WebRTC lets you build peer-to-peer communication of arbitrary data, audio, or video—or any combination thereof—into a browser application. In this article, we'll look at the lifetime of a WebRTC session, from establishing the connection all the way through closing the connection when it's no longer needed.
This article doesn't get into details of the actual APIs involved in establishing and handling a WebRTC connection; it reviews the process in general with some information about why each step is required. See Signaling and video calling for an actual example with a step-by-step explanation of what the code does.
This page is currently under construction, and some of the content will move to other pages as the WebRTC guide material is built out. Pardon our dust!
Establishing the connection
The Internet is big. Really big. It's so big that years ago, smart people saw how big it was, how fast it was growing, and the limitations of the 32-bit IP addressing system, and realized that something had to be done before we ran out of addresses to use, so they started working on designing a new 64-bit addressing system. But they realized that it would take longer to complete the transition than 32-bit addresses would last, so other smart people came up with a way to let multiple computers share the same 32-bit IP address. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a standard which supports this address sharing by handling routing of data inbound and outbound to and from devices on a LAN, all of which are sharing a single WAN (global) IP address.
Game Pigeon App Common Sense Media Bias
The problem for users is that each individual computer on the Internet no longer necessarily has a unique IP address, and, in fact, each device's IP address may change not only if they move from one network to another, but if their network's address is changed by NAT and/or DHCP. For developers trying to do peer-to-peer networking, this introduces a conundrum: without a unique identifier for every user device, it's not possible to instantly and automatically know how to connect to a specific device on the Internet. Even though you know who you want to talk to, you don't necessarily know how to reach them or even what their address is.
This is like trying to mail a package to your friend Michelle by labeling it 'Michelle' and dropping it in a mailbox when you don't know her address. You need to look up her address and include it on the package, or she'll wind up wondering why you forgot her birthday again.
This is where signaling comes in.
Signaling
Signaling is the process of sending control information between two devices to determine the communication protocols, channels, media codecs and formats, and method of data transfer, as well as any required routing information. The most important thing to know about the signaling process for WebRTC: it is not defined in the specification.
Why, you may wonder, is something fundamental to the process of establishing a WebRTC connection left out of the specification? The answer is simple: since the two devices have no way to directly contact each other, and the specification can't predict every possible use case for WebRTC, it makes more sense to let the developer select an appropriate networking technology and messaging protocol.
In particular, if a developer already has a method in place for connecting two devices, it doesn't make sense for them to have to use another one, defined by the specification, just for WebRTC. Since WebRTC doesn't live in a vacuum, there is likely other connectivity in play, so it makes sense to avoid having to add additional connection channels for signaling if an existing one can be used.
In order to exchange signaling information, you can choose to send JSON objects back and forth over a WebSocket connection, or you could use XMPP or SIP over an appropriate channel, or you could use XMLHttpRequest over HTTPS with polling, or any other combination of technologies you can come up with. You could even use email as the signaling channel.
It's also worth noting that the channel for performing signaling doesn't even need to be over the network. One peer can output a data object that can be printed out, physically carried (on foot or by carrier pigeon) to another device, entered into that device, and a response then output by that device to be returned on foot, and so forth, until the WebRTC peer connection is open. It'd be very high latency but it could be done.
Information exchanged during signaling
There are three basic types of information that need to be exchanged during signaling:
- Control messages used to set up, open, and close the communication channel, and to handle errors.
- Information needed in order to set up the connection: the IP addressing and port information needed for the peers to be able to talk to one another.
- Media capability negotiation: what codecs and media data formats can the peers understand? These need to be agreed upon before the WebRTC session can begin.
Only once signaling has been successfully completed can the true process of opening the WebRTC peer connection begin.
It's worth noting that the signaling server does not actually need to understand or do anything with the data being exchanged through it by the two peers during signaling. The signaling server is, in essence, a relay: a common point which both sides connect to knowing that their signaling data can be transferred through it. The server doesn't need to react to this information in any way.
The signaling process
There's a sequence of things that have to happen in order to make it possible to begin a WebRTC session:
- Each peer creates an
RTCPeerConnectionobject representing their end of the WebRTC session. - Each peer establishes a handler for
icecandidateevents, which handles sending those candidates to the other peer over the signaling channel. - Each peer establishes a handler for
trackevent, which is received when the remote peer adds a track to the stream. This code should connect the tracks to its consumer, such as aelement. - The caller creates and shares with the receiving peer a unique identifier or token of some kind so that the call between them can be identified by the code on the signaling server. The exact contents and form of this identifier is up to you.
- Each peer connects to an agreed-upon signaling server, such as a WebSocket server they both know how to exchange messages with.
- Each peer tells the signaling server that they want to join the same WebRTC session (identified by the token established in step 4).
- descriptions, candidates, etc. -- more coming up
ICE restart
Sometimes, during the lifetime of a WebRTC session, network conditions change. One of the users might transition from a cellular to a WiFi network, or the network might become congested, for example. When this happens, the ICE agent may choose to perform ICE restart. This is a process by which the network connection is renegotiated, exactly the same way the initial ICE negotiation is performed, with one exception: media continues to flow across the original network connection until the new one is up and running. Then media shifts to the new network connection and the old one is closed.
Note: Different browsers support ICE restart under different sets of conditions. Not all browsers will perform ICE restart due to network congestion, for example.
If you need to change the configuration of the connection in some way (such as changing to a different set of ICE servers), you can do so before restarting ICE by calling RTCPeerConnection.setConfiguration() with an updated RTCConfiguration dictionary before restarting ICE.
To explicitly trigger ICE restart, start the renegotiation process by calling RTCPeerConnection.createOffer(), specifying the iceRestart option with a value of true. Then handle the connection process from then on just like you normally would. This generates new values for the ICE username fragment (ufrag) and password, which will be used by the renegotiation process and the resulting connection.
The answerer side of the connection will automatically begin ICE restart when new values are detected for the ICE ufrag and ICE password.
Transmission
Reception
